How a stimulus impacts spinal cord function depends upon temporal Interior relations.When intermittent noxious stimulation (shock) is applied and the interval between shock pulses is varied (unpredictable), it induces a lasting alteration that inhibits adaptive learning.If the same stimulus is applied in a temporally regular (predictable) manner, t
In flexion−extension motion, the interaction of several ligaments and bones characterizes the elbow joint stability.The aim of this preliminary study was to quantify the relative motion of the ulna with respect to the humerus in two human upper limbs specimens and to investigate the constraints role for maintaining the elbow joint stability i
Tragulids, chevrotains or mouse deer, were common faunal elements during the Miocene.During that time, Dorcatherium was the most abundant genus, with D.naui being the first described species.Besides their abundance, until recently only very limited cranial material was available for investigation.Here we present a redescription of the first complet